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Abstract of Summary
Background information
With global growth for children under 5 years of age, attention needs to be given to around 1 million deaths from children aged 5-14 years who die each year. Grounds for death at this age are still being recorded well. Our aim was to investigate deaths in the death of death in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico, about 40% of the world's children aged 5-14 years who need more than 200 A total of 000 deaths per year at these ages.
Ways
We examined data on 244 401 deaths in children aged 5–14 years from four sources of national data which received direct deaths for death purposes: Death Monitoring Indian Bills, Chinese Surveillance Points, Death data from the Mexican site Instituto Nacional de Estadística the Geographic, and death data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. We display data on the 12 main groups of diseases in each country, with a breakdown by communication and nutritional diseases, non-contractual diseases, injuries, and unexplained causes. To make age-specific and gender-specific death rates for each purpose, we imposed the national death penalty to the UN death cases for 2005–16 for each country.
Results
Unlike Brazil, China, and Mexico, communication diseases still exist for almost half of Indian deaths in 5–14 year olds (73 920). [46·1%] of 160 330 deaths in 2016). In 2016, the highest mortality rates in India were in almost all sectors, including infectious diseases. Rapid decline in girls in the death of a solitary disease has reduced the gap by 2016 by boys in India (32 · 6 deaths per 100 000 girls) t vs vs. 26 · 2 every 100 000 boys) and China (1 · 7 vs vs. 1 · 5). In China, injuries included the highest proportions of deaths (20 970) t [53·2%] of 39 430 deaths, which had a drowning main reason. The death rate at deaths aged 10–14 years was higher for girls for Brazil in Brazil, increasing annually by an average of 0 · 7% (0 · 3–1 · 1). In India and China, suicide rates were higher for girls than boys at ages 10–14 years. By comparison, in Mexico it was higher for boys of girls, rising annually to an average of 2 · 8% (2 · 0–3 · 6). Deaths from serious injuries, drowning and cancer are common in all four countries, with transport accidents in the three causes of death for both species in each country, except Indian girls, and cancer t the top three reasons for both species in Mexico, Brazil, and China.
Definitions
Most of the deaths between 2005 and 2016 in 5–14 year olds in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico rose from problems that can be stopped or managed. T This age group is important for growing some global targets for children under 5 years of age. Interventions are also needed to control infectious diseases and injuries and to strengthen death reporting systems.
Funding
WHO and University of Toronto Connaught Global Challenge.
Introduction
There are universal mortality rates for 5–14 year olds about one in six of younger children and death rates among older children are among the lowest during life, but they are not. sustainable.
- Masquelier B
- Hug L
- Sharrow D
- et al.
Recently, attention has been given to better measuring the death rates and the causes for 5-14 year olds. Hill and colleagues, using country-level data, estimated 1 · 5 million deaths in 5-14 year olds in 2010.
- Hill K
- Zimmerman L
- Jamison DT
The UK Interagency Assessment Group on Child Poverty Assessment (IGME) estimated that around 1 million children aged 5–14 years died in 2017, but this has been made up by the United Nations World Climate Strategies (WPP). T 1 · 2 million.
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- Masquelier B
- Hug L
- Sharrow D
- et al.
By comparison, the Earth Tool of Disease, Infection, and Factors Module-based risk (GBD) 0 · 7 million deaths in 5-14 year olds in 2017. t
- Dicker D
- Nguyen G
- Abate D
- et al.
Evidence before this inspection
We looked at MEDLINE, Embase, and CABI Global Health for death cases for children aged 5-14 years in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico which were published from 1 January, 2005, to October 15, 2018, without registration. language restriction. From the 1252 journals shown, article 15 reported that there were at least three causes of death and that they had used national representative data. The majority of inspections only examined one or two of the reasons chosen. This includes the use of a large creel and diarrhea in the Death Slaughter Survey using data from 2001 to 2003; injuries in China; five reasons drawn together for 5–19 year-olds in Mexico; and causes of death in Brazil. The Global Sickness Concern project and WHO will estimate models for the four nations.
Added value of this inspection
We provide direct evidence of specific time trends that have resulted in the death of children aged 5-14 years to India, China, Brazil, and Mexico using representative data data at national level, reporting approximately 40% of this age population. A decline in infectious mortality among girls has reduced the gap by boys in India and China. Mortality rates for non-mobile diseases are still higher in the Indies than in China, Mexico, and Brazil. Compared to Mexico and Brazil, most road deaths were in both India and China, among walkers. Most children's homes in Brazil and Mexico were army-related factors and self-mortality is increasing for boys in Mexico. Despite the regional differences, the major causes of death in the four nations include transport accidents, drowning, cancer, and brain diseases.
Outcomes of all available evidence
Direct mortality analysis for specific causes among 5-14 year olds provides clear targets for prevention and treatment of the factors that cause more than 200 000 deaths each year in India t , China, Brasil, and Mexico. Interventions are effective in reducing child mortality and would need to overcome the maternity and child health interventions. Better coverage and quality is needed for death data just to measure progress in reducing those deaths, and to reduce confidence in the more modeled, modeled estimates.
- Morris SK
- Bassani DG
- Awasthi S
- et al.
,
- N Ding
- Jha P
- Sharma VP
- et al.
More recent reports have benefited from direct death data from earlier visits of the Death Mines (MDS) in India and from the improved access to essential recording data from China and autopsy oral studies in Africa.
- GA wheel
- Abate D
- Abate KH
- et al.
Furthermore, the cause of death exposition suggests that some appropriate global health targets, including the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development 2030, could consider children up to the age of 15 years and not just t under 5 years. This consideration would require a clearer understanding of the causes of death among 5-14 year olds, and would benefit from direct evidence against more uncertain modeling. India, China, Brazil, and Mexico are home to about 40% of the world's children between 5-14 years and they receive about a quarter of all the world's deaths.
- Masquelier B
- Hug L
- Sharrow D
- et al.
Here, we give direct estimates of the specific causes and levels of death for children aged 5-14 years in these four countries from 2005 to 2016, using national representative data. We debate these results in the context of global efforts to reduce deaths below-5 and under-15.
Results
Table 1Scale of research and death rate changed to age for 5 to 14-year-olds in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico
AEGME = Inter-agency Child Death Assessment Group.
Figure 1Discretionary causes of death in India and China for children aged 5–14, 2005–16
Table 2Major causes and causes of death for 5-14 year olds in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico in 2016 t
AEGME = Inter-agency Child Death Assessment Group. WPP = Global Perspective of the World.
Figure 2Causes of cancer and brain in India, China, Brazil and Mexico for children aged 5-14 years, 2005–16 t
Figure 3Choose injury reasons for death in India, China, Brazil, and Mexico for children aged 5-14 years or 10–14 years, 2005–16
Conversation
We record the movements in mortality in four countries which are home to about two-fifths of the total population of 5-14 year olds. Compared with Brazil, China, and Mexico, communication diseases still provide for almost half of India's deaths in this age group. A rapid decline among girls in the death of a mobile disease has reduced the gap with boys in India and China. In Brazil and Mexico, we did not find large differences at the beginning or end of the review period in death rates between boys and girls except for higher death rates in boys. In 2016, the highest mortality rates in India were for the broad divisions, except for NCDs in boys (who were at its highest in Mexico). In 2016, around 74 000 deaths were either preventable or hauled in India from infectious diseases, representing almost half of the Indian annual deaths and over a third of all four four countries' countries. that age. In China, injuries included the greatest proportions of deaths, particularly from drowning. Death rates from boys' murder were 10–14 years old in Brazil and Mexico usually associated with firearms. Deaths from famine, drowning and cancer are two of the major causes of death in the four countries.
While there is a complete review of all relevant interventions outwith the scope of this document, the Disease Control Priorities project has identified costly interventions against virtually every situation. killing children aged 5 to 14 years (appendix). For some cases, particularly specific communication diseases, strategies for under 5s could be extended to children aged 5-14. For example, the Indian Government has extended the rehabilitation, maternity, baby and children's program to include adolescents, including the setting up of clinics for friendly youths.
Delivery platforms for children include, for example, a large pitch of creels and diarrhea, the use of vaccines would be based in the school with new antigens and the use of primary care for medicines.
- Sawyer SM
- Reavley N
- Bonell C
- Patton GC
In addition, standards for improving the quality of care for 0–15 year olds had recently been updated by WHO to recognize that there is a gap in addressing the needs of children over 5 years of age and adolescents.
- Gupta S
- Howard SC
- Hunger SP
- et al.
Movements in deaths among boys aged 10–14 in Brazil and Mexico are largely due to guns, and they show an inter-patterns similar to young adults.
It is also possible to take action to reduce gun-related deaths in Brazil and Mexico. Banning is also possible. Delivering interventions for these reasons may be different for primary children than for adults.
- Sawyer SM
- Reavley N
- Bonell C
- Patton GC
In fact, there are different causes of death between 5–9 year olds and 10–14 years of age, especially for commercial reasons and some injuries (appendix), but also for children aged 15 or over. entrants and young adults aged 15 to 29 years (where road injuries, suicide and cancer are more pronounced).
- Patton GC
- Sawyer SM
- Santelli JS
- et al.
,
- Xu RB
- Wen B
- Song Y
- et al.
- Masquelier B
- Hug L
- Sharrow D
- et al.
,
- Pillay-van Wyk V
- Msemburi W
- Laubscher R
- et al.
The death rates are low at ages 5–14 years compared with the rest of its life calling for large, representative national data to record changes in death. Estimates of modeling are necessary where reasons of death with medical certificates are not routinely collected and may be helpful in assessing global trends.
- Boerma T
- Victora C
- Abouzahr C
Estimates are measured for the total mortality rates of 10-14 year olds fighting quickly from required rates in Europe, with good primary school data.
- Rigby M
- Deshpande S
- Battle M
Investment in planned data should not come to the expense of investment in death surveillance and statistical capacity systems to use country data.
- Boerma T
- Victora C
- Abouzahr C
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- Gomes M
- Begum R
- Sati P
- et al.
The sample size of Indian SRS, covering less than 1% of deaths, provides children of this age age with rare sub-national data. Data growth as a representative for China at the departmental level did not increase data until 2013.
- Liu S
- Wu X
- Lopez AD
- et al.
Sub-national surveys are required to better understand people who are changing their drowning patterns and road traffic injuries.
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- Wang L
- Cheng X
- Head P
- et al.
Better identification of the mode of transport is needed, including more consistent explanations of vulnerable road users. Dh'fhaodadh gun cuidicheadh na h-eadar-theachdan a dh ’fheumas a bhith ann gus lùghdachadh a dhèanamh air ìre bàis agus fèin-mharbhadh am measg chloinne ann am Brasil agus Mexico cuideachadh bho bhith a’ faighinn bàs ro-làimh bho na h-aon adhbharan airson òigearan.
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- Dávila Cervantes CA
- Pardo Montaño AM
,
- Masquelier B
- Hug L
- Sharrow D
- et al.
Ach a dh ’aindeoin sin, is e neart anns an sgrùdadh seo cleachdadh suirbhidhean riochdachaidh nàiseanta le sònrachadh cùise de dh'àrd-chàileachd bho roinnean eadar-dhealaichte a tha a’ nochdadh cunbhalachd anns na prìomh adhbharan bàs, a tha gun stad no comasach air a ’mhòr-chuid.
,
- Sawyer SM
- Reavley N
- Bonell C
- Patton GC
,
- Patton GC
- Sawyer SM
- Santelli JS
- et al.
Tha lùghdachadh susbainteach ann am bàsan anns a ’bhuidheann aoise seo comasach ann an iomadh dùthaich le eadar-theachdan cosg-èifeachdach, ruigsinneach agus so-dhèanta.
Thàinig CB-P, PJ, agus SAF am beachd airson an sgrùdaidh agus leasaich iad dealbhadh an sgrùdaidh. Rinn LN, SAF, agus LMR-S an sgrùdadh litreachais. Rinn SAF an sgrùdadh dàta. Dheasaich SAF agus PJ a ’chiad làmh-sgrìobhainn, agus bha na h-ùghdaran uile an sàs ann a bhith a’ toirt iomradh air ath-sgrùdaidhean an dèidh sin.
Chan eil sinn a ’nochdadh ùidhean farpaiseach sam bith.
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